作为西方弓弦乐器的一种，中提琴和小提琴构造相似但稍大，古代琴的尺寸各有不同，而在现今琴身平均为41cm，比全尺寸小提琴大25至100mm。弦线分别为C、G、D、A，比小提琴低五度，比大提琴高八度。虽都是在肩上拉奏，技巧上和小提琴也有分别。
其流行度不及小提琴和大提琴，但在古典音乐中也出现一些奏鸣曲、协奏曲和交响乐中的独奏片段，流行音乐及爵士乐也有使用中提琴的作品和乐手。
中提琴音色上比较沉厚，而拉中提琴的角色也容易给人稳重温柔的感觉。
中提琴笑话
由于以前中提琴手大多担任较简单的和声演奏，18世纪时也有一些技艺不精的小提琴手改拉中提琴，由此衍生出一些取笑中提琴及其乐手的笑话。
| 笑话千万条，安全第一条 |
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